Volleyball khel ke pehli baar Olympic Games mein 1964 mein shaamil kiya gaya tha. Uttam urja ka dikhna aur saath hi anushasan ka hona hi volleyball ki pehchaan hai. Indoor volleyball ki baat karein toh isne Olympic Games mein debut 1964 Tokyo mein kiya tha. Tab se lekar ab tak yeh ruka nahi hai.
Volleyball ko beach par bhi khela jaata hai aur indoor bhi khela jaata hai. Dono hi tareekon ke maapdand alag hote hain. Soviet Union ke aa jaane se khel mein farq aaya aur filhaal Brazil aur China is khel mein sarvashreshth sthan par hain.
Is khel mein jahaan shuruaati saalon mein Soviet Union ne apna varchasv sthaapit kiya tha, toh dheere-dheere ab Brazil aur China ne is khel mein apni taakat sabhi ke samne dikhayi hai. Olympic Games mein position ki sthiti aur saath hi khel ke niyam aur itihaas jaanne ke liye aage padhein.
Volleyball ke rules:
Antarrashtriya Volleyball Sangh (FIVB) ki aur se volleyball ke aasaan niyam is tarah hain.
Ek samay par do team ismein khelti hain aur har team mein 6 khiladi apni team ka pratinidhitva karte hain. Dono teams ke beech ek net bandha hota hai. Khel shuru hone se pehle sikka uchaal kar toss kiya jaata hai aur jo jeetata hai uske paas pehle serve karne ka adhikaar hota hai.
Serve karne ka matlab hota hai ki ek khiladi baseline ke peeche se gend ko doosri team ke khaeme (adhe court ke paar) mein phenkta hai aur khel aise hi aage badhta hai. Ek team ke khiladi keval 3 baar hi gend ko choo sakte hain aur uske baad unhein apne pratidwandiyon ke khaeme mein hi gend ko daalna hota hai
jo khiladi samne se aayi serve ko pitch karta hai woh four arms se apne saathiyon ke liye gend banata hai aur ise khel ki bhaasha mein ‘pass’ ya ‘bump set’ kehte hain. Jis khiladi ko ‘pass’ milta hai ya yun kahein ki jo doosre number ka khiladi hota hai use ‘setter’ kehte hain aur uski koshish hoti hai ki jitna ho sake woh net ke utni nazdeek gend ko lekar ja sake taaki teesra khiladi smash ka prayog kar points bator sake.
Gauratlab hai ki jo bhi khiladi smash maarta hai use ‘spike’ kehte hain.
Iske baad samne wali team us smash ko block kar isi prakriya ko apnati hai. Net ke paas amooman sabse lambe khiladi hote hain. Jab tak koi foul na kare ya gend zameen par na takraye tab tak khel aise hi chalta hai aur agar aisa hota hai to samne wali team ko ek point mil jata hai.
Volleyball mein kaise milte hain points?
Ek game mein 5 set hote hain aur pehle 4 set 25 points ke hote hain. Agar pehle do seton mein score 2-2 se barabar hai to paanchva set 15 points ka hota hai. Har rally tootne ke baad ek point milta hai aur jiske khate mein points jata hai wahi team sark karti hai. Agar kabhi bhi score 24-24 ya 14-14 (paanchve set mein) barabar ho gaya to team ko jeetne ke liye lagatar do points ki zaroorat hoti hai.
Volleyball mein points botorne ka sabse aam tareeka spike dwara hota hai. Sabse zyada isi tareeke se ek team ank ki prapti kar apne karvan ko aage badhati hai. Iske alawa kuch foul dwara bhi points botore ja sakte hain jaise ki sarkarte samay line ke aage chale jana, koi khiladi agar doosri baar ball ko chhoo raha hai aur us dauran agar usne net ko bhi chhoo diya to vah bhi ek foul mana jata hai.
Koi bhi team gend ko doosre kheme mein phenkne ke liye 3 baar se zyada baar gend ko chhoo de to ismein bhi vah ek point ganva baithte hain. Vahi doosri taraf agar gend ko court se bahar maar diya to vah bhi foul hota hai.
Volleyball mein khiladiyon ki position:
Volleyball team mein 5 positions hoti hain, Center, Middle Blockers, Outside Hitter, Opposite Hitter, Libero. Jismein Centers ka kaam hota hai ki vah spikers ke liye gend ko banaye takki vah smash maar sakein.
Middle Blockers defense ke saath aakramak khel bhi khelte hain. Spiker dwara tezi se aa rahi smash ko rokne ka zimma middle blockers ka hota hai aur saath hi agar court ke beech-o-beech gend inhen milti hai to ve attack bhi karte hain. Outside Hitter ko Side Hitter bhi kaha jata hai. Yah team ke ahem attackers hote hain aur yah court ki bain disha par khelte hain.
Libero volleyball ke sabse dilchasp khiladi hote hain. Unki uniform bhi dusro se alag hoti hain aur vah substitute ki bhoomika nibhate hain. Libero ko block aur attack karne ki anumati nahin hoti aur vah ball ko pass karne ke liye court par ate hain. Ya to vah team ke sadasyon ko defense mein madad karte hain ya phir unke liye gend ko banate hain.
Volleyball mein smash kaise maarein?
Smash ko sabse taakatwar shot maana gaya hai aur is shot se sabse zyada points batorre jaate hain. Spike position ka khiladi ise prayog mein la kar apni team ke liye points prapt karta hai. Ek spike pramukhta se outside hitter aur opposite hitter ke liye surakshit rehta hai, however zarurat padne par middle blockers bhi spike ki bhoomika nibhate hain taaki apni team ki aakramakta ko mazboot kar sakein.
Ek smash ke liye center ko spike ke liye gend ko hawa mein uchaal kar banana padta hai. Is gend ko net se nazdeek banaya jaata hai aur iske baad spike ko apni daud aur kood mein taal mel baitha kar ise doosri team ke court mein maarna hota hai. Center jitni zyada acchi ball banayega spike ke paas utna hi atirikt samay hoga aur aise mein points batorna aasaan hota hai.
Ek kaargar spike ki khaasiyat aur taakat, topspin hoti hai. Aise mein hitter ki koshish hoti hai ki vah gend ko haath ke beech-o-beech se maarein taaki v gati ke saath disha bhi pradaan kare.
Volleyball ke court ka size aur baaki upkaran:
FIVB ke rules ke anusar volleyball court 18 meter (59 feet) lamba aur 9 meter (29.5 feet) chauda hona chahiye. Court ko do bhagon mein baanta jaata hai jisme 9 meter (29.5 feet) ke baad beech mein net lagaya jaata hai. Net ka oopari hissa 2.43 meter (7.97 feet) ki unchai par hota hai (mains) aur 2.24 meter (7.35 feet) ki unchai womens ke liye hoti hai. Attack line jo front aur back court ko baantti hai woh net se 3 meter (10 feet) door hoti hai.
FIVB manyata ki volleyball ka wazan 260-290 gram (9.2-9.9 ounces) hota hai aur uska ghera 65-67 centimeter (25.5-26.5 inch) ka hota hai aur saath hi uski PSI 4.3-4.6 ki hoti hai.
Regards,
Team”Sarkarikhabrein“