Tennis ki baatein, scoring system aur racket ke baare mein aap sabko ye cheezein zaroor pata honi chahiye.
Tennis ya lawn tennis ko aksar adhik sharirik strength ki maang wale khelo mein se ek maana jaata hai.
Tennis ne kayi yugon mein vibhinn global stars ko pesh kiya hai, jinmein Rod Laver aur Martina Navratilova se lekar Pete Sampras, Steffi Graf, Roger Federer, Rafael Nadal, Novak Djokovic aur Serena Williams tak ke naam shamil hain.
Har saal chaar bade tennis tournaments hote hain, jinhem Grand Slam kehte hain. Inmein Australian Open, French Open, Wimbledon aur US Open Grand Slam tournaments shamil hain. Prashansakon ko jode rakhne ke liye vibhinn nichle star ke tournaments ke alava poore saal bade star wale tournaments karaye jaate hain.
Yahan tennis niyamon par jaankari di gayi hai ki ise kaise khela jaata hai. Saath hi racket sport mein shamil scoring system ke baare mein bhi jaaniye.
Tennis upkaran:
Tennis ball: International Tennis Federation (ITF) ke anusar, ek samanya tennis ball ka wazan 6.54-6.86 centimeter vyas ke saath 56-59.4 gram ke beech hona chahiye. Ve peele ya safed rang ke hone chahiye, haanlekin adhikansh gendain peele rang ki hoti hain.
Tennis racket: Ek tennis racket ki lambai 73.7 cm aur chaudai 31.7 cm se adhik nahi ho sakti. Racket mein mazboot strings ko gherne wala ek frame hota hai, jo aam taur par nylon se bana hota hai. Vah crossed aur bonded pattern mein buna hota hai aur ek handle hota hai.
Khiladi ko racket ke beech mein gend ko hit karne ki avashyakta hoti hai. Tar wale hisse ko hitting surface ke roop mein bhi jana jata hai.
Tennis serve aur niyam:
Ek tennis match ki shuruaat umpire dwara toss karne se hoti hai. Jo toss jeetta hai, vah serve karna chun sakta hai. Saath hi toss jeetne wala khiladi us side ko chun sakta hai, jisse ve match shuru karna chahte hain ya veh pehle serve karna chahte hain. Iska bhi vikalp khiladi ke paas hota hai.
Serving karne wale khiladi ko tennis court ke apne side ki baseline ke peeche, center mark aur sideline ke andar khada hona hota hai.
Ek safal serve ke liye, server ko gend ko apne doosre haath se uchhalna hota hai aur bounce hone se pehle racket se hit karna hota hai. Gend ko net ko paar karane aur serving area ke andar girane ki jarurat hoti hai. Yah court ke tirche viprit disha mein ankit hoti hai. Ise legal serve mana jata hai.
Pratyek khiladi ko ek ank ke liye do serve karne ki anumati hoti hai. Yadi koi khiladi net se takrata hai ya gend ka pehla uchhal serving area ke bahar hota hai, to ise service fault kaha jata hai. Server ko ank hasil karne ke liye doosra serve milta hai.
Yadi server ka pair baseline ko choota hai ya sideline ki seema se bahar jata hai. Ise foot fault ke roop mein jana jata hai aur yah server ki doosri serve hogi.
Yadi koi khiladi apni doosri serve par bhi galati karta hai, to ise double fault kaha jata hai aur pratidwandvi ko ek ank milta hai.
Yadi kisi khiladi ke serve karne par gend net se takrati hai aur serving area ke andar girti hai, to server phir se serve kar sakta hai. Uske paas abhi bhi ank arjit karne ke liye do serve honge. Is sthiti ko let ke roop mein jana jata hai.
Serve karne wale khiladi ko apne doosre half mein khade khiladi ki or serve karni hoti hai, jo court ko doosri taraf mein maujood hota hai.
Yadi server ek legal serve karta hai aur receiver gend ko vapas karne mein asamarth hai, to ise ace kahate hain aur server ko ek ank mil jata hai.
Tennis me points kaise banaye jate hain:
Server dwara ek ankh ke liye serve kiya jata hai. Ise safalta purvak receiver ka kaam hai.
Ek bar jab serve wapas aa jati hai, toh dono khiladi ek rally se jud jate hain. Isme gend ko net ke aage-piche aur sideline aur baseline ke andar hit karna hota hai.
Ek ankh jeetne ke liye ek khiladi ko gend ke bounce hone se pehle ya pehli uchhal ke baad ek shot marna chahiye. Yadi gend do baar uchhalti hai, toh antim shot wala khiladi ankh jeet jata hai.
Ek khiladi ko gend ke net se guzarne ka intezaar karna chahiye. Gend ko court ke apne paksh mein ane dena chahiye aur gend ko hit karne ke liye net ko nahi chu sakte.
Ek game poora hone ke baad server receiver ban jata hai aur receiver server ban jata hai.
Wahi, doubles match mein, receiving team ko pehle receiver ka chayan karna hota hai aur phir team ke do khiladi bari-bari se ankh prapt karte hain.
Tennis shots:
Tennis khiladi gend ko ek nishchit disha mein hit karne ke liye ya apne virodhiyon se ek ankh jeetne ke liye unka dhyan baantne ke liye vibhinn konon, gati aur taknik ka upyog karte hain. Kuch samanya tennis strokes is prakar hain:
Forehand aur Backhand:
Tennis mein do sabse aam shots forehand aur backhand hain. Yadi daaye hath ka khiladi apne daheen hath ko apne sharir ke daheen taraf se gend ko marne ke liye aage badhata hai, toh ise forehand kaha jata hai.
Yadi daaye hath ka khiladi apne sharir ke baayein or se shot marne ke liye apne daheen hath ko aage laata hai, toh ise backhand kaha jata hai.
Baayein hath ke khiladiyon ke liye yeh ulta hota hai.
Drop shot:
Jab koi khiladi gend ko net ke theek upar aur viparit disha mein girane ke liye apne shot ki gati ko kam kar deta hai, toh ise drop shot kaha jata hai.
Aam taur par ek drop shot ka upyog tab kiya jata hai jab virodhi khiladi baseline par khada hota hai. Unke liye ek drop shot ko hit karna mushkil ho jata hai kyonki unhe kafi doori tay karni hoti hai.
Aam taur par sir ke upar se, jab koi khiladi apni poore taakat ke saath shot maarta hai, toh virodhi khiladi gend tak pahunchne mein asamarth hota hai. Use smash kehte hain.
Slice:
Ek khiladi ek slice hit karta hai jab ve ek cross angle par court ka samna karne wale racket ke saath gend ko maarte hain. Slice ka istemaal rally ki gati ko dheema karne ke liye kiya jaata hai.
Tennis scoring pranali:
Ek khiladi ya team ko ek game jeetne ke liye chaar ank haasil karne hote hain. Koi bhi khel 0-0 se shuru hota hai aur tennis mein zero point love kaha jaata hai. Ankon ki pragati nimn anusar hoti hai:
Pahla point – 15
Doosra point – 30
Teesra point – 40
Chautha point – game point
Halaanki, agar dono khiladi ek game mein teen-teen ank jeetate hain (arthath score 40-40 hai), toh ise deuce kaha jaata hai.
Deuce ke baad agla ank jeetne wale khiladi ko advantage milta hai. Jis khiladi/team ko advantage milta hai, uske baad vah agla ank jeetata hai, toh vah game jeet jaata hai.
Halaanki, yadi virodhi khiladi advantage ke baad agla ank jeetata hai, toh score vaapas deuce mein chala jaata hai. Ek khiladi/team ko ek game jeetne ke liye deuce ke baad lagaatar do ank jeetne ki jarurat hai.
Kaise jeeten ek tennis match:
Aam taur par ek khiladi ko ek game jeetne ke liye chaar ank aur ek set ka daava karne ke liye do game ke antar ke saath kam se kam chhah game jeetne hote hain. Ek khiladi/team ko match jeetne ke liye teen set (sarvashreshth-paanch set mein) ya do set (sarvashreshth-teen seton mein) jeetna hota hai.
Khiladiyon ko ek set mein pehle, teesre aur har visham khel ke ant ke baad side badalne ki avashyakta hoti hai. Ek set poora hone ke baad khiladi side ko badalte hain.
Yadi dono khiladi ek set (6-6) mein se pratyek mein chhah game jeetate hain, toh yah set ek tiebreaker mein chala jaata hai. Is set ka nirnay tiebreaker ke dwara hota hai.
Ek tiebreaker mein ankon ki pragati 1, 2, 3 aur isi tarah hoti hai. Ek tiebreaker (aur parinaamswaroop, set) jeetne ke liye, ek khiladi/team ko do ank ke antar ke saath kam se kam saat ank jeetne hote hain.
TB (Tiebreaker) me, jab score 6-6 ho, tab ek player/team ko TB aur set jeetne ke liye lagatar do points jeetne hote hai.
TB me, pehle point ke baad serve haath badal deta hai. Iske baad, har do points ke baad serve badal jati hai. Player pehle chhe points ke baad ek TB ke saath match khatam karte hai.
Grand Slam final me, TB sirf pehle, doosre, teesre aur chauthe set (purush ekal match me) aur pehle aur doosre set me (mahila ekal ya yugal match me) khela ja sakta hai.
Yadi har player ne Grand Slam final ke antim set me chhe games jeete hai, to match bina TB ke khela jata rahega jab tak kisi ek player ke paas do games ki lead na ho.
Sirf US Open final me, final set me TB ki anumati hai. Wimbledon final me, yadi har player ne antim set (12-12) me 12 games jeete hai, to match TB me chala jata hai.
Doubles match ke antim set me, match Super Tiebreaker ki or badhta hai. Ek Super Tiebreaker me, niyam ek TB ke saman hi hote hai, jisme ekmatra antar yeh hota hai ki do points ke antar ke saath 10 points jeetne wali pehli team ko vijeta mana jata hai.
Tennis me kitne sets hote hai
Grand Slam me purush ekal spardhaon me, match paanch sets hote hai, lekin anya sabhi ATP Tour spardhaon me, purush ekal match teen sets hote hai.
ATP Tour aur Grand Slam me purush yugal match me teen sets hote hai. Vahi Wimbledon me paanch sets ka match hota hai.
Sabhi mahila ekal aur yugal spardhaen Grand Slam aur WTA Tour me teen sets ke match hote hai.
Regards,
Team “Sarkarikhabrein“