“Football game ka itihaas aur uske niyam” ke baare mein jaane ki aapka swagat hai! Football ek world-famous khel hai. Ise kai desho mein bahut hi josh-o-kharosh ke saath khela jaata hai. Brazil, Spain, France, Argentina, aur bade bade desho ke logon mein is khel ke prati ek alag junoon dekhne milta hai.
Ye ek team sport hai jismein do teams bahut hi josh ke saath ek dusre ke virudh khelte hai. Ismein goalkeeper, baaki aadi roop mein ek dal ke khiladi apna farz nibhate hai. Is khel ka mukhya uddeshya hota hai apne virodhi dal ke khaemein goal dagana. Gridiron football, rugby football, aadi khel bhi football ke antargat hi aate hai.
“Football khel ka itihaas par jante hai! “Football” shabd ki utpatti kahan se hui hai, iske peeche kai logo ki alag-alag ray hai. Ye mana jata hai ki chun ki is khel ke dauran gend ko pair se maarna hota hai, is wajah se iska naam football padh gaya. Halanki is naam ki utpatti ka vastavik srot ka pata nahi chal paaya hai.
FIFA ke anusar, phutbaal ek cheeni khel “suju” ka hi vikasit roop hai. Yah khel China mein Hyan vansh ke dauran vikasit hua tha. Isi khel ko Japan Asuka vansh ke shaasan kaal mein “Kemari” ke naam se khela ja raha tha. Is khel ka vikas ek lambe arse tak hua hai. Kalantar mein 1586 E. mein ye John Davis naam ke ek samudri jahaaz ke captain ke karyakartaon dwara Greenland mein khela gaya. Football ke vikas ke safarnama ko Robert Brough Smyth ne 1878 mein ek kitab ki shakl mein pesh kiya.
Football pandrahveen shatabdi mein (Football in the 15th century):
15th sadi mein “Football” naam ka hi ek khel Scotland mein khela jaata tha. 1424 E. mein ise vahan par “Football Act” ke tahat ban kar diya gaya. Halanki ye ban jald hi hata liya gaya, lekin tab tak logon mein is khel ki ruchi khatam ho gayi thi aur ek lambe arse ke baad unnisveen sadi mein iska punarjanm dekhne milta hai. Halanki is dauran kai anya jagahon par football khela ja raha tha.
1409 E. mein Britain ke rajkumar Henry Chaturth ne pehli baar angrezi mein ‘Football’ shabd ka istemaal kiya tha. Iske saath hi Latin mein bhi iska ek vistrit itihaas raha hai. Kul milakar ye kaha ja sakta hai ki aaj ek chhota sa dikhne wala football apne aap mein ek bahut lamba itihaas samahit kiye hue hai.
Football ke itihaas ke kuch rochak tathya:
Is itihaas ki kuch pramukh tathyon ki jhalkiyan niche di ja rahi hain.San 1486 mein ye kaha gaya ki ‘Football’ ek khel hone se adhik ek vishesh tarah ki gend hai. Yah kathan Saint Albans ki kitaab mein nihit hai.
San 1526 mein England ke raja King Henry Ashtam ne football khelne ke liye pehli baar ek jodi aisa joota banane ki aagyaa di, jise pehan kar football aasaani se khela ja sake.
San 1580 mein Sir Philip Sidney ki ek kavita mein mahilaon ke dwara ek vishesh tarah ka football khelne ka varnan aaya hai.
16th sadi ke ant aur 17th sadi ke ārambh mein pehli bār khel mein mukābale kī bhāvnā ko lāne ke liye khel mein ‘gol’ kī dhāranā kā avirbhāv huā.
Iske liye khiladiyon ne maidan mein do viprit śirṣh mein jhaṛiyan laga kar gol post ka nirman kiya. Us samay 8 athva 12 gol ka ek match khela jata tha.
Madhy yug se hi phutbal par sada ban ka sankat kayam raha.
San 1314 mein pehli bar ye kanun Britan mein parit hua. Iske bad atharavin sadi mein ise sashastr virodh ka samna karna paḍa.
San 1921 mein Inglish aur Scottish phutbal leauge mein mahilaon ka khelna nishedh ho gaya. Halanki is ban ko san 1970 mein punḥ hata liya gaya.
Ve mahilaen jo putbal mein apna jazbaa dikhana chahti hain, unhe aaj bhi kai mushkilon ka samna karna hota hai.
Football 20th sadi mein (Football in the 20th century):
20 vin sadi mein khel ko ek aise sanstha ki zarurat hone lagi, jo is ki dekhbhal niyamit rup se kar sake. English Phutbal Association ki taraf se kai aisi sabhayen ayojit ki gain jahan se ek antar-rashṭriy star ki sanstha ka udbhav ho. Phalasvarup Yurop ke sath bade desh France, Belgiyam, Denamark, Nidarland, Spen, Swiden aur Switzarland ne milkar 21 Me 1904 mein ‘Federation International Of Football Association’ (FIFA) ki sthapana ki, jiske pahle adhyaksh Robert Guerin hue.
Football vartaman mein (Football in present):
Present mein football bahut hi bade paimane par khela ja raha hai. Iske kai mukable rashṭriy aur antar-rashṭriy star par hone lage hain. Iske atirikt kai football clubs ki sthapana rashṭriy aur antar-rashṭriy star par ho chuki hai. Is khel ka sabse bada mukabala football vishvakap ka hota hai. Lioleṅ Messi, Ronaldinho, Ronaldo, Neymar, adi kai naam is tarah duniya bhar mein mashhur hue ki aj ka yuva varg is khel ke prati bahut adhik sajag dikhata hai.
Football khel ka format (Football games format):
Is khel mein kisi bhī dal kā uddeshy nabbe minute ke khel ke daurān adhik se adhik gol karne kā hotā hai. Pratyek dal mein gyārah khilādi hote hain. 90 minute ke khel ke daurān 45 minute par ek break hotā hai, jise hāf taim kahate hain. Ye hāf taim 15 minute kā hotā hai. Iske bād kā 45 minute kā samay lagātār chaltā rahatā hai. Is daurān yadi koī khilādi ghaayal ho jātā hai, to ‘injury taim’ ke tahat kuchh der ke liye khel sthagit ho jātā hai. Iske bād punḥ khel shurū hotā hai.
Adhunik football:
Shuruati samay mein football janavaron ki bladar se nirmit hoti thi. Kalantar mein is par janavaron ki chamadi ka istemal hone laga, jisse iska akar nishchit rahne laga. Adhunik samay mein viksit vijnanik taknik ke sahare kai behatar football kampaniyon sthapit ho gayi hain, jo match, khiladiyon ki umr, maidān adi ke maddenazar football bana rahi hain. Football gend 58 semi se 61 semi ke madhy ki paridhi ka ek vr̥ttakar gend hoti hai.
Football khel ka niyam (Football rules):
Samay samay par kai jagah par viksit hone ki vajah se iske kai niyam ban gaye the. Halanki antar-rashtriya star par ise har jagah saman niyamon se khela jata raha hai. Khel lokpriya ho jane ki vajah se iske niyam is tarah se banaye gaye ki har desh ke log is khel ka aanand utha sakein. Niche ek ek karke niyamon ki vyakhya ki ja rahi hai.
Khiladi aur khel upkaran:
Is khel ke pratyek dal mein gyarah khiladi hone chahiye. In gyarah khiladiyon mein ek gol keeper aur baaki outfield khiladi hote hain. Is khel ka maidan aam taur par 120 yard lamba aur 75 yard chauda hota hai. Pratyek gol ke samne ek 6 yard ka box khincha hua hota hai.
Maidan ke dono taraf ko is tarah se sajaya aur sambhala jana chahiye ki maidan ek aadha hissa iske dusre aadhe hisse ka mirror image lage. Is khel mein istemal hone wale upkaran mukhyatah sirf ek ala qism ki “football” hi hoti hai. Halanki iske alawa khiladi ghaayal hone se bachne ke liye football boot, padded gloves, shin pad adi pahante hain.
Scoring: Is khel mein point score karne ke liye virodhi dal ke goal post mein ball pahunchana hota hai. Ye goal khel ke 90 minute ke andar hi karna hota hai. Is samay ke andar dono dalo mein adhik gol dagane wale dal ki jeet hoti hai. Ek goal post ki oonchai 8 feet aur chaudai 8 yard ki hoti hai.
Khel jeetne ke niyam:
Kisi bhi dal ko jeetne ke liye apne virodhi dal se adhik goal karna hota hai. Khiladi apne pair se gend apne saathi khiladiyon ko pass karte hue virodhi team ke goal tak pahunchate hain.
Maidan mein ghaas ya to krutrim roop se ya prakritik roop se ugaya hota hai. Maidan ko chaturbhujakar roop mein chinhit kiya hota hai.
Saath hi madhy vritt ke paas do chhah yard ka box banaya hota hai.
Pratyek dal kisi match ke liye saat atirikt khiladiyon ka naam darj kar sakta hai. Khel ke dauran kisi bhi samay un atirikt khiladiyon ko pehle se khel rahe khiladiyon ki jagah par utara ja sakta hai. Maidan mein khiladiyon ki kul sankhya kisi bhi samay 11 hi hoti hai.
Pratyek match mein ek referee aur do assistant referee hote hain. Referee khel ke dauran samay nirdharan, foul, free kick, penalty adi ka sanchalan karta hai. Kisi bhi nirnay se pahle aamtaur par referee ek baar assistant referee se vimarsh kar leta hai. Khel ke dauran offside, throw-in adi ka khayal assistant referee karta hai.
Yadi 90 minute ke baad bhi khel ko adhik samay ki avashyakta hoti hai to ismein atirikt 30 minute ka samay jod diya jata hai. Ye atirikt samay 15 minute karke do bhagon mein banta hua hota hai.
Atirikt samay ke baad bhi yadi khel nirnay tak nahi pahunch paya to aisi sthiti mein penalty shootout hota hai. Gol poore hone ke liye sampurn gend ka goal line cross karna atianivarya hai.
Foul ke dauran galti kiye hue khiladi ko referee uski galti ke anusar laal ya peela card dikhakar use maidan se bahar kar sakta hai. Peela card ek tarah ki chetavani hoti hai aur laal card se khiladi maidan se bahar ho jata hai.
Offside ke niyam (Football offside rule):
Yadi ek aakramak khiladi antim defender ke samne khada ho jaye aur anya khiladiyon dwara pass khel diya jaye, to offside call ho sakta hai. Aam taur par offside ko is tarah se design kiya jata hai ki koi khiladi apne virodhi dal ke pass call ke liye adhik der tak thehra na sake.
Yadi aakramak khiladi is tarah antim defender khiladi ke samne khade hokar use rokne ki koshish karta hai to offside call hota hai aur defending khiladi ko ek free kick ka mauka milta hai. Gol keeper ko antim defender ke taur par nahi pakda ja sakta. Yadi aakramak khiladi defender ke samne khada ho aur gend ko piche ki taraf khela jaye to offside call nahi hota hai.
Regards,
Team “Sarkarikhabrein“