Market ne carbon price ko kam karne ke liye bahut effective paya hai. Carbon price jo market mein tay hoti hai aur jisme alag-alag sectors ke stakeholders transparent aur stable policy ke tahat trade karte hain, woh international norms ke anusar ek mazboot carbon auditing ecosystem ka vikas karegi.
Carbon emission reduction units ke markets mein price discovery se ab carbon prices corporates ke balance sheets mein samavesh ho jayengi kyunki ab yeh vyapar carbon positive ya carbon negative ban jayega cap and trade vyavastha ke tahat.
Jab climate change mausam, varsha aur baarish ke pattern mein badlav laata hai aur atyadhik atyadhik extreme weather ghatnaye hoti hai, toh yeh sirf Bharat ke krishi sector ko hi nahi prabhavit karti hai, balki manufacturing aur services sector ki performance ko bhi prabhavit karti hai, jisse Bharatiya arthvyavastha ki vruddhi ki sambhavna par asar padta hai.
Jabki hum log beshak kewal carbon emissions ko doshi maankar arop laga sakte hain, par kuch hi log samajhte hain ki yeh mukhya roop se arthik vikas ke prakriya ka parinam hai, jo carbon emissions ka khyal nahi rakhti hai. Isliye, niti nirmataon ke liye samasya hai ki vikas ke engine chalaye kaise rakhe aur usi samay carbon emissions ko bhi niyantrit rakhe.
Subsidies for Green Revolution
Policymakers have several options to ensure that growth continues while reducing emissions. Ek aisa option hai subsidies, jiske jariye greener technologies aur green raw materials ke cost ko kam kiya ja sakta hai, jo fixed cost ya variable cost ke perspective se ho sakta hai, taki emissions kam ho aur goods aur services ki production badhe jo GDP ko badhane mein madad kare.
Aisi cost reduction se hari aur sustainable goods/services economically competitive ban jayenge, jisse unki grahan karne ki sankhya badhegi. Jab yeh carbon emissions kam karne mein madad karega, tab yeh bhi economic activities ko competitive banaye rakhega, jisse vikas ka momentum bana rahega. Parantu, kitna kharch karna hai aur kis par kharch karna hai, yeh niti nirmataon ke nazariye se ek mahatvapurna sawal hai.
Aur saath hi saath, rajya ki vitta avadhikta bhi uske kharch par seemit ho sakti hai, isliye subsidies ka istemal carbon emissions kam karne ke liye ekmatra upkaran ke roop mein seemit ho sakta hai. Aur kis par kharch karna hai aur kitna kharch karna hai, yeh do mahatvapurna niti nirnay hai jo samajik asamanata ko badhane aur madhyam se lamba samay tak vikas ke momentum ko rokne ki sambhavna laa sakte hai.
Carbon Taxes: Bhaari Kharcha Aur Inflation
Niti nirmataon ke paas ek aur upkaran hai carbon taxes. Logic yeh hai ki naye carbon tax se paida hone wale maal ki jyada kimat se logon ki uska istemal kam karne mein mayoos ho jayenge. Yeh toh sabse zaroori maal aur sewa hai jo emissions ka bada karan hai, jaise ki dhaan ki kheti.
Zaroori maal aur sewa par tax lagane se haves aur have-nots ke beech mein samajik asamanata badh sakti hai. Aur saath hi saath, carbon emissions mein yogdaan dene wale bahut saare maal aur sewa par tax lagane se overall price badhegi aur iss tarah se mahangi ho jayegi. Seedhe taur par kaha jaye toh, emissions ko niyantrit karne ke liye tax ko mukhya upkaran banane se arthik vikas ke saath saath mahangiyein bhi badhengi, jisse arthvyavastha ki vikas kshamata kam hogi aur arthik stakeholders ke beech samajik asamanata badhegi.
Yeh samjha ja sakta hai ki luxury maal ki khapat kam karne ke liye tax ka istemal sahi hai, jisse carbon emissions bhi kam ho sakti hai. Lekin zaroori maal ke case mein, behtar hoga ki ek market mechanism ho jo stakeholders ko surakshit tariko se carbon emissions kam karne ki aur guide kar sake.
Cap and Trade: Ek Vikalp
Yeh tathya ki vikalp maal aur sewa ka hai ya fir kam emissions wale takneek ya prakriya ka, yeh hamko cap and trade ki soch tak pahuncha deta hai. Emissions par cap rakhna, macro-economic star par takneekik aur arthik anuman par adharit hota hai, aur uss had tak emissions ke neeche kitne emissions hai uss ke liye karban credits ko incentive diya jaata hai. Yeh karban credits un economic entities ko milte hain jinhone cap se kam emissions ko earn kiya hai.
Unhe carbon credits ko bech kar market mein woh kharidar khareed sakte hain jo emissions ke seema ko poorna karne aur kharid kar carbon credits ko mitane ke zimmedari hai, yaani woh log jinhone emissions ko kam kiya hai uss vishesh sector/ udyog ke liye nirdharit seema se neeche.
Antarrashtriya maanakon ke anusaar, sabhi bhag lene wale udyogon aur vyapar ko emissions ki auditing karne wala balvat mechanism bhi banayega. Karban emissions ko khareedne aur bechne ki yeh gatividhi na keval ek kimat ka pata lagane tak pahunchayegi, jo ki ek unit (aam taur par ek tan) carbon emissions ko bachane ki hoti hai, balki yeh bhi sasti tariko mein emissions ki nirdharit seema ko poora karne ke liye hari takneek aur raw materials mein nivesh karne ka mauka degi.
Market ke madhyam se emissions kam karne ki transfer inter-sectoral roop se hoti hai aur sath hi sath certified emission reductions ki inter-sectoral transfer ko bhi sambhav karta hai. Bharatiya arthvyavastha ke vibhinn kshetron mein emissions kam karne ke liye vibhinn takneekon ka istemal karne ki bajaye, market emissions kam karne ki zimmedari ko sasti kimat par pahunchane wale logon ke taraf se bada degi.
Transparent Markets:
Iske alawa, karban emission kam karne ki units ke bazaar mein kimat ka pata lagne se corporate companies ke balance sheets mein karban prices avashyak ho jayenge kyunki ab yeh vyapar karban positive ya negative ho jayenge ek cap and trade vyavastha ke antargat. Hari takneekon ka utpadan karne wali firmo ke liye, karban pricing ke maujoodgi se arthik sambhavnaye ki moolya nirikshan karna aasan ho jayega takneekik mulya par pahunchne ke liye.
Aakhir mein, rashtriya nirdharit yogdaan ko poora karne ka arthik bojh, sahi vittiyak yojana aur sajag sanshodhan ke madhyam se, vikalpon mein chunav karne ka margdarshan karne wali transparent bazaar ke madhyam se prapt kiya ja sakta hai. Varioius sectors ke stakeholders dwara vyapar karne wale ek transparent aur sthir niti par adharit bazaar mein pata lagne wali karban kimat antarrashtriya maanakon ke anukool roop se mazboot karban auditing paryavaran ki vikas mein yogdaan degi.
Jab karban prices maal aur sewaon ki kimatikaran mein avashyak hisse ban jayenge, toh aane waale samay mein desh ko, vishesh roop se EU ke saath, vyapar yudh jaisi sthitiyon se bacha sakta hai. Prakat bazaar-purvak pranali ke madhyam se karban emission mein yogdaan ki kami, jahan maal aur sewaen uss kharch ko absorb karke apni kimat mein pratinidhit karti hai, yeh desh ko ‘Karban Leakage’ ke dar se vyapar yudh mein fasane ka khatra utpann kar sakti hai.
Sade shabdon mein kaha jaye toh, jab desh vyapar ke tarike se emission niyantran ko apnane lagte hain, toh karban prices ko pratibimbhit karne wale vyavasayon ki pratiyogita par asar padega aur iss tarah transparent tareeke se vyapta hone wale karban vyapar bazaar ki kami bhi vyapar mein taal-matol utpann kar sakti hai.
Cap and Trading: Arthik Stakeholders par Asar
Cap and trading vyavastha aur usse utpann hone wali emission kam karne ki units ke mulya ke hone ka ek bahut se pehluon wala prabhav hoga arthik stakeholders par, yaani ki unke yojana banane se lekar faisla lene tak ke prakriya par. Aur zyada mahatvapurna baat yeh hai ki maal ya sewaon ki emission gahrai ab arthik stakeholders ke faisla lene par asar dalne lagegi jab unhe apni arthik gatividhiyon ke karch ka pata chalega.
Regards,
Team “Sarkarikhabrein“