Acha hota hai ki share Market mein invest karne se pehle kuch baarikiyon ko samajh liya jaaye jise dekhne ke baad jaankar log invest karne ya na karne ki salah dete hain. Aakhir yeh kya hai… kis company mein invest karein, invest karte samay kin baaton ka dhyaan rakhein aaj inhi baaton par yahaan baat karte hain.
Factors to buy Share: Ek samay tha jab share bazaar mein invest jua samjha jata tha. Ab share bazaar mein paisa lagana behtar nivesh samjha jata hai. Saath hi nagrik desh ki arthvyavastha ko majboot banane mein bhi yogdaan deta hai. Share bazaar mein samajhdari ke saath nivesh par zyada jaankar salah dete hain.
Unka kehna hota hai ki bazaar ke jaankaron ki salah ke saath nivesh karna chahiye. Lekin bahut se log swayam hi apni jaankari ke aadhar par bazaar mein nivesh karte hain. Acha hota hai ki shares mein invest karne se pehle kuch baarikiyan ko samajh liya jaaye jise dekhne ke baad jaankaar log nivesh karne ya na karne ki salah dete hain.
Aakhir yeh kya hai… kis company mein invest karein, invest karte samay kin baaton ka dhyaan rakhein aaj inhein baaton par yahaan baat karte hain.
Har niveshak ek vichaar ke saath share bazaar mein nivesh karta hai ki wo jis stock mein nivesh kar raha hai woh achha return dega. Woh yeh maanta hai ki usne ek majaboot share khareeda hai. Kisi company ka share khareedne se pehle us company ki kin baaton par nazar dalni chahiye yadi koi samajh le toh phir aage koi tension nahi hogi.
Yeh zaruri hai ki kisi stock ko khareedne se pehle keval uska price jaanna zaruri nahi hai. Zaruri hai company ke baare mein kuch ahem jaankari jutaana. Yeh karna kyun zaruri hai , taki aapka paisa surakshit rahe aur aapko bhavishya me achha return de. Ek baat toh saaf hai ki aapka paisa tabhi badhega jab company taraqqi karegi.
Share Market mein kaha jata hai ki jab kabhi bhi kisi stock mein nivesh karna hai toh niveshak ko company ka fundamental analysis karna chahiye.
Fundamental analysis ka matlab ki company ke kuch factors par dhyan diya jaye aur samjha jaye ki company kaisi hai, kitni majboot hai aur company ka bhavishya kitna surakshit hai.
1. Company ka business model samjha jaye. Iska arth hai ki company paisa kaise kamati hai. Yeh model bhavishya ke liye kitna kargar hai. Aisa toh nahi hai ki company ko aage dikkat ka samna karna hoga.
2. Sabse zaruri baat jis par niveshak ko dhyan dena chahiye woh hai company ke quarterly results. Yaani har 3 mahine mein company jo timahi results ghoshit karti hai toh usme sales aur revenue ke bare mein bataya jata hai aur uske aadhar par hi yeh dekha jaa sakta hai ki company ka pahiya kaisa chal raha hai. Company kaisa kaam kar rahi hai.
Dekha jaye toh company ki ye health update hai. Koi bhi jaankaar niveshak share ko khareedne ya hold karne ka nirnay is par leta hai.
Bazaar mein jaankaar batate hain aur aap dekh sakte hain company ke timahi results ke saath company ke share ke bhav mein teji ya narmi dekhne ko milti hai. Isi ke saath company ke yearly results par bhi nazar daudani chahiye. Taki company ka pichhle kuch varshon mein kaisa kaam aur parinam raha hai yeh pata lagaya jaa sake.
3. Lambi avadhi ke investors ko company ke baare mein zyada jaankari leni chahiye. Unhein yeh dekhna chahiye ki company kaun kaun se products yeh company banati aur bechti hai? Sabse zyada margin kis product mein hai? Company ka kaun sa product industry mein number one hai ya kis level par hai? Saath hi sarkar ki kaun-kaun si neetiya company par asar daal rahi hain. Apne competitors ke mukable company ki kya tayari hai.
Business model aur company ke results par nazar daalne ke baad :
4. Company par karz kitna hai. Yeh dhyan dena chahiye ki company par zyada karz na ho.
Karz hona koi galat baat nahi hai. Karz ka istemaal kaise ho raha hai. Yeh company ke chaal-chalan aur pravatti ko batata hai.
5. Company ke paas cash kitna hai. Cash reserve kitna aur cash surplus kitna hai. Is saari baaton ko jaanna bhi zaroori hai. Yeh company ke balance sheet ko dekhne se pata chalta hai. Yahan par company ki vittiya sthiti ya kahein ki financial health ke baare mein jaankari milegi. Ye company ka vittiya fundamental hai. Balance sheet dekhne se company ke paas kitne assets aur liabilities hain iski jaankari mil jayegi.
6. Apna paisa surakshit nivesh ke tour par rakhne ke liye zaroori hai ki yeh pata kar liya jaaye ki company kitni purani hai. Purani company hai toh bazaar mein bane rahne ke utne hi chances hain. Company jitni purani hogi uske paas experience bhi zyada hoga.
Nayi company mein nivesh ke bajay aisi company me nivesh karna chahiye jo bazaar mein saalon se business kar rahi hai aur munafa kama rahi hai.
7. Bazaar mein paise ko surakshit tour par badhana hai toh achha rahega ki aisi company mein nivesh na kiya jaaye jisme zyada circuit laga raha hai. Bazaar mein mana jaata hai ki zyada circuit lagne wali company ko aasani se manipulate kiya jaa sakta hai.
Koi bhi bada niveshak apni chalaki se paisa bana lega aur chhote niveshakon ka nuksan ho jayega.
8. Ab kuch aise pahluon ke baare mein baat karte hain jise dekhna behad zaroori ho jata hai. Ab tak humne company ke baare mein uski vittiya sthiti ke baare mein baat ki lekin ab share bazaar mein sthiti ke baare mein baat karte hain. Ismein kuch vittiya anupat ya financial ratios ki baat hai jo zaroori dekhna hota hai.
Ek niveshak ko kisi share ke fundamental analysis mein financial ratios ko bhi dekhna chahiye. Inmein PE ratio (price to earning ratio), PB ratio (price to book value ratio), D/E ratio (debt to equity ratio), EPS (earning per share), BVPS (book value per share) adi shaamil hain.
9. Ek baat jis par kam log gaur karte hain ki woh hai company ka management kin haathon mein hai. Company ke promoter kaise hain. Saksam haathon mein company ka matlab company ki taraqqi hota hai. Isi ke saath yeh bhi zaroori hai ki dekh len ki company jis sector mein kaam kar rahi hai, uske competitors kya kar rahe hain.
Dekh lo ki is sector ki lead company kaun si hai. Is kshetra ke majboot share kaun se hain. Company ke paas kitna advantage hai. Ye kuch aise factors hai jin par gaur karne ke baad lambi avadhi ka nivesh karna chahiye.
10. Ek anya jaroori factor jo lambi avadhi ke dhyaey ke saath share bazaar mein niveshak dekh sakte hain, unmein hai ki company ke bhavishya ko lekar kya agenda hai. Unki yojanaon ke baare mein jaankari dekhni chahiye.
11. Kisi niveshak ko kisi company ke share khareedne se pehle yeh bhi dekhna chahiye ki us company ka market cap kitna hai. Yadi company 1000 crore ya 500 crore rupaye se bhi chhoti hai toh use micro cap bolte hain. 1000 crore se badi hai toh small cap aur 30000 ya 50000 crore se badi hai toh mid cap company boli jaati hai. Lekin agar uska size 1 lakh crore se jyada hai toh vah large cap company ki category mein aa jaati hai.
Share niveshakon ne gaur kiya ho ki Sensex aur Nifty mein tejii aur giravat dono hi vakht sabse jyada small cap companies ke share hi bhaagte hain ya girte hain. Kuch companies toh aisi hoti hain jo stock market mein giravat ke samay poori tarah se khatm ho jaati hain.
12. Bazaar mein kuch companies dividend deti hain. In companies ko dekhna chahiye. Bazaar mein nivesh karte samay yeh bhi dekh lena chahiye ki company ki dividend history kaisi hai. Bata den ki dividend vah paisa hota hai jo companies apne share holders ko apne munafe ke kuch hisse mein se baantti hain.
Regards,
Team”Sarkarikhabrein“